On Love: Symposium
In Plato's Symposium, a group of Athenians came together in a dinner and instead of drinking a lot, they decide to talk about love (eros).
Phaedrus argues that love inspires virtue and courage, such as acts of self sacrifice for a loved one.
Pausanias talks about male-male relationship. He distinguished between two types of love, common (pandemian) and heavenly (uranian) love. Common love is focused on bodies, pleasure etc. and can be directed towards both men and women. Whereas heavenly love is focused on soul, virtue and moral development and is directed toward male-male relationships. He argues that heavenly love is superior to common love since it aims at charachter and wisdom.
Eryximachus expands the idea beyond the human relationships to whole natural process. He argues that love can be found in music, weather etc. He also distinguishes love as good love and bad love. He argues that good love creates order, proportion and health whereas bad love creates excess and imbalance.
Aristophanes eulogy is the most famous amongst them all, even more than the Socrates' which is kind of interesting. Aristophanes tells a story to explain why humans feel "incomplete". He says that humans once had two faces, four arms, four legs and both sexes combined. These beings were powerful and tried to challenge the gods. So Zeus punished them by cutting them in half, since then each half longs to reunite with its lost other half and that longing what we call love.
Agathon gives a poetic speech about love. But Platon writes this to dirt on rhetorics and makes the stage for Socrates to destroy him.
Socrates says that he learned the truth about love from a woman called Diotima. According to Socrates, love is not a perfect god, it's a daimon, it's in between good and bad, moral and immoral, ignorance and wisdom and ugliness and beauty. Love exists because of lack, we love what we do not fully posses. He argues that love is the desire for immortality which humans try to achieve by the means of physical and spiritual reproduction. According to Socrates, a lover should ascend step by step:
- Attraction to a body. Love is first aroused by the sight of physical beauty. This is ordinary erotic love.
- Appreciation of beauty in all bodies. Many bodies are beautiful in the same way.
- Love of beautiful character. In this step, one becomes valuing virute, intelligence, courage and moral growth.
- Beautiful laws and institutions, created by beatiful souls. At this stage one begins to appreciate goodness itself in social form
- Love of knowledge, all kinds of knowledge but particularly in the philosophical understanding.
- Beauty itself. At this stage, one doesn't love the qualities or examples of the beauty, but love the beauty itself. Beauty is the eternal source that makes all beautiful things beautiful. It's unchanging, uniform and universal. It's pure contemplation of truth.
Socrates argues that when one understands beauty itself, one touches the divine. That understanding makes one truly virtuous, and true virtue brings real happiness (eudaimonia).
To me, I wouldn't know.